Rheumatoid arthritis-increased gene expressions in muscle atrophy are restored back to control as a response to acute resistance exercise / Estímulo agudo de musculação promove regulação de genes alterados pela atrofi a muscular

This study had as objective to analyze the acute eff ects of resistance exercise (RE) on the mRNA levels of the following genes (MyoD, myogenin, IGF-1, atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and myostatin) in rheumatoid arthritis (experimental arthritis). Therefore, 26 females rats were randomly allocated into four groups, control (CT, n=7), exercise (Ex, n=6), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=6) and RA with exercise (RAEx, n=7). Met-BSA was injected into the tibiotarsal joint in the RA and RAEx groups. After 15 days from injection, the animals were submitted to an acute bout of RE and six hours post protocol the animals were euthanized. We evaluated the joint thickness, infl ammation score, cross-sectional area (CSA) of gastrocnemius muscle fi bers and mRNA expression of the IGF-1, MyoD, myogenin, myostatin, MuRF-1, atrogin-1 and GAPDH. It was observed that the joint thickness and score strongly increased in arthritic rats (p <0.001) while the CSA decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Increased mRNA levels of IGF-1 (2.0 fold), myostatin (4.5 fold), atrogin-1 (2.5 fold), MyoD (3.7-fold) and myogenin (5 fold) were observed in muscle of arthritic rats. The mRNA expression of myostatin, atrogin-1, MyoD and myogenin decreased in the RAEx group. In this way, we can conclude that experimental arthritis-increased gene expressions in muscle atrophy myostatin, atrogin-1, MyoD and myogenin) are restored back to control as a response to acute RE....(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito agudo do Exercício com pesos sobre os níves de mRNA de genes envolvidos no anabolismo ou catabolismo muscular em um modelo experimental de Artrite Reumatóide. Para tanto, 26 ratas fêmeas foram randomicamente alocadas em quatro grupos, controle (CT, n=7), Exercício (Ex, n=6), Artrite Reumatóide (AR, n=6) e Artrite Reumatóide com exercício (AREx, n=7). Uma substância contendo Albumina bovina metilada foi injetada na articulação tíbio-tarsal nos grupos AR e AREx para indução da Artrite Reumatóide. Após 15 dias da injeção, os animais foram submetidos a um estímulo agudo de treinamento com pesos e 6 horas após o exercício os animais foram eutanasiados. Nós avaliamos a espessura da articulação, escore de infl amação, a área de secção transversa (AST) das fi bras do músculo Gastrocnêmio e a mRNA de IGF-1, MyoD, Myogenina (genes envolvidos no anabolismo muscular), e MuRF-1, atrogina-1 (genes envolvidos no catabolismo muscular), além do gene controle , GAPDH. Foi observado que a espessura articular e o escore de infl amação aumentaram fortemente nas ratas induzidas a Artrite Reumatóide (p <0,001), enquanto a AST reduziu (p ≤ 0,05). Um aumento nos níveis de mRNA de IGF-1 (2,0 vezes), miostatina (4,5 vezes), atrogina-1 (2,5 vezes), MyoD (3,7 vezes) e miogenina (5 vezes) foi observado no músculo das ratas induzidas a Artrite Reumatóide. mRNA de miostatina, atrogina-1, MyoD e miogenina reduziu no grupo RAEx. Desta forma, podemos concluir, que o modelo experimental de Artrite Reumatóide induziu um aumento da expressão de genes durante a atrofi a muscular (myostatin, atrogin-1, MyoD and myogenin) e que estas alterações foram reguladas pelo Exercício com peso....(AU)

The use of interferons in the treatment of pre-invasive cervical neoplasias

The evolution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias(CINs) can lead to the development of cervical carcinomas and is closely tied to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Interferon (IFN)’s antitumor effects have a direct bearing on the proliferation or antigen composition of tumor cells, and act on specific tumor cells through immunomodulation. Moreover, some studies have indicated that type 1 IFN can have an antitumor effect by increasing levels of cytotoxic T cells,natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Immunotherapy with IFN has recently been used on cervical intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer with promising results. The objective of this mini-review isto discuss IFNs’ function, importance, and mechanism of action in the treatment of pre-malignant cervicalneoplasias.